Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 40-150cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Stoloniferous, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - August
(Earliest: 18.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Astragalin, Hyperin, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Myricetin, Quercetin, Syringetin | ||||
| Benzoquinones | Embelin, Rapanone | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Stream Banks |
Wet Meadows | ||
| Flower Visitors: |
Lasioglossum leucozonium |
Brassicogethes viridescens | ||
| Parasites: |
Septoria lysimachiae |
Liriomyza strigata | ||
| Possible Parasites: |
Cheilosia antiqua Larva | |||
| Herbivores: |
Autographa gamma |
Lacanobia oleracea |
Pandemis dumetana Larva |
Monostegia abdominalis |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Acronicta rumicis Larva |
Lacanobia splendens |
Psylliodes picina |
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Aphrophora alni Nymph |
Philaenus spumarius |
Adelphocoris ticinensis |
| Possible Sapivores: |
Cixius distinguendus | |||
| Florivores: |
Chloroclystis v-ata Larva |
Eupithecia centaureata |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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