Vine	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: <30 m
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering September - October

Protective Chemicals
Saponins	Echinocystic & Oleanolic Acids, Hederacoside, Hederagenin, Hederasaponin, Hederin, Helixoside
Flavonoids	Astragalin, Isoquercitrin, Kaempferol, Rutin
Other Phenolics	Caffeic, Chlorogenic, Dicaffeoylquinic, Neochlorogenic, Protocatechuic, & Rosmarinic Acids, Tannins

Biotopes:	Hedge Rows
Herbivores:	Celastrina argiolus Larva	Several Geometridae	Several Noctuidae Larvae	Several Tortricidae
	Lasiocampa quercus	Chrysolina polita	Liophloeus tessulatus
Sapivores:	Aphis craccivora	Aulacorthum solani	Pinalitus cervinus	Empoasca decipiens
Florivores:	Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Larva

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Ivy

Pictures © 2003, 2010, 2012, 2013 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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