Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 40-120cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Stoloniferous
Hermaphrodite, Flowering July - October
(Earliest: 26.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Eudesmanolide | ||||
| Flavonoids | Kaempferol, Quercetin | ||||
| Acids | Quinic | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Gardens | ||
| Microhabitat: |
Bare Ground | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Many Apidae |
Several Nymphalidae |
Pieris brassicae |
Thymelicus lineola |
Autographa gamma |
Cerapteryx graminis |
Many Syrphidae |
Helina impuncta | |
Phaonia erronea |
Myopa.occulta |
Saltella sphondylii |
Astylogethes substrigosus | |
Oedemera flavipes |
Forficula auricularia | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Several Agromyzidae Larvae |
Cystiphora sonchi |
Ensina sonchi Larva (Flower Gall) |
Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer) | ||||
| Possible Parasites: |
Ophiomyia pulicaria Larva (Leaf Miner) | |||
| Herbivores: |
Several Noctuidae |
Tenthredo neobesa Larva | ||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae Larvae |
Naenia typica Larva |
Agonopterix arenella Larva |
Cassida rubiginosa |
| Sapivores: |
Aphis craccivora |
Aphis fabae |
Aphrophora alni Nymph |
Lygus pratensis |
| Possible Sapivores: |
Aulacorthum solani | |||
| Granivores: |
Eucosma obumbratana Larva |
Liorhyssus hyalinus | ||
| Possible Granivores: |
Stictopleurus punctatonervosus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Perennial Sow-thistle
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2010 J.K. Lindsey
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