Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-180cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September
(Earliest: 10.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids | Stachydrine, Trigonelline | ||||
| Saponins | Hederagenin, Medicagenin, Soyasapogenol | ||||
| Flavonoids | Apigenin, Coumestrol, Daidzein, Formononetin,
Luteolin, Medicarpin, Sativan, Vestitol | ||||
| Amino Acids | Canavanine | ||||
| Polyols | Ononitol | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Parasites: |
Erysiphe pisi |
Pseudopeziza medicaginis |
Agromyza nana |
Chromatomyia horticola |
Aproaerema anthyllidella Larva (Leaf Miner) | ||||
| Possible Parasites: |
Liriomyza strigata |
Scaptomyza graminum Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Ischnopterapion virens Larva (Stem Borer) | |
| Herbivores: |
Vanessa cardui |
Colias croceus Larva |
Callophrys rubi Larva |
Polyommatus icarus Larva |
Several Noctuidae |
Several Tortricidae |
Euclidia glyphica Larva |
Euclidia mi Larva | |
Chiasmia clathrata Larva |
Several Curculionidae |
Holotrichapion pisi |
Sminthurus viridis | |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Celypha rivulana Larva |
Philopedon plagiatus |
Sitona suturalis | |
| Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Several Pentatomidae |
Aphis craccivora |
Aphis fabae |
Philaenus spumarius |
Aphrodes makarovi | |||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Megoura viciae | |||
| Florivores: |
Eupithecia centaureata | |||
| Possible Florivores: |
Fabogethes nigrescens Larva | |||
| Granivores: |
Several Miridae |
Dolycoris baccarum |
Peritrechus gracilicornis |
Liorhyssus hyalinus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2009 J.K. Lindsey
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