Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 10-120cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September (Earliest: 3.6)

Protective Chemicals
Sesquiterpenoids	Crepiside, Tectoroside
Triterpenoids	Amyrin, Germanicol, Lupeol, Taraxerol
Flavonoids	Isoquercitrin
Other Phenolics	Caffeic, Caftaric, Chicoric, & Chlorogenic Acids
Other Acids	Arachidic, Linolenic, Myristic, Octadecadienoic, Palmitic, Stearic
Sterols	Cycloartenol, Taraxasterol

Biotopes:	Meadows	Spruce Forest Edge
Flower Visitors:	Several Apidae	Pieris napi	Pieris rapae	Several Muscidae
	Many Syrphidae	Delia floralis	Empis aestiva	Siphona pauciseta
	Astylogethes substrigosus
Parasites:	Golovinomyces cichoracearum	Podosphaera fusca	Puccinia lapsanae	Several Agromyzidae
Herbivores:	Cnephasia asseclana	Cnephasia incertana
Sapivores:	Uroleucon cichorii

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Nipplewort

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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