Plant |
Leaves |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaves |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 5-40cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Stoloniferous, Persistent Seed Bank
Gynodioecious, Flowering April - September
(Earliest: 1.4)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Cistanoside, Elemene, Germacrene | ||||
| Flavonoids | Apigenin, Chrysoeriol, Glucopyranoside, Luteolin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Rosmarinic Acid, Tannins | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows |
Gardens | ||
| Microhabitat: |
Bare Ground | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Rhingia campestris | ||
| Seed Dispersal: |
Formicidae | |||
| Parasites: |
Neoerysiphe galeopsidis |
Golovinomyces biocellatus |
Ascochyta lamiorum |
Amauromyza labiatarum |
Liriomyza strigata |
Liposthenes glechomae |
Apteropeda orbiculata Larva (Leaf Miner) | ||
| Herbivores: |
Several Geometridae |
Cnephasia asseclana |
Cnephasia incertana |
Athalia circularis Larva |
Cassida viridis |
Chrysolina polita | |||
| Sapivores: |
Several Cicadellidae |
Horistus orientalis | ||
| Florivores: |
Sagittogethes ovatus Larva |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Ground-ivy
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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