Plants	Leaves
Flower	Fruit

Height: 15-100cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September (Earliest: 23.5)

Protective Chemicals
Iridoids	Asperuloside, Monotropein, Scandoside
Phenolics	Gallic Acid
Other Acids	Citric

Biotopes:	Hedge Rows	Around Buildings	Spruce Forest Edge
Seed Dispersal:	Hitch-hiking
Flower Visitors:	Synanthedon myopaeformis Larva	Several Syrphidae
Parasites:	Neoerysiphe galii	Mazzantia galii	Dasineura galiicola
Herbivores:	Several Geometridae Larvae	Several Noctuidae Larvae	Deilephila porcellus Larva	Macroglossum stellatarum Larva
	Several Tenthredinidae Larvae	Entomobrya nivalis
Possible Herbivores:	Several Noctuidae	Idaea aversata Larva	Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata Larva	Celypha rivulana Larva
	Cnephasia incertana	Phyllobius glaucus	Phyllobius vespertinus
Sapivores:	Several Aphididae	Polymerus nigrita	Philaenus spumarius
Possible Sapivores:	Horistus orientalis	Orthocephalus coriaceus	Carpocoris purpureipennis	Palomena prasina
	Aphrophora alni Nymph
Possible Florivores:	Phytocoris varipes
Possible Granivores:	Dolycoris baccarum

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Goosegrass

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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