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Height: 50-250cm
Perennial, Rhizomatous, Extrafloral Nectaries
Sporulation (Rare) July - September
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
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| Cyanogenic Glycosides | Prunasin | ||||
| Sesquiterpenoids | Ptaquiloside, Pteroside, Pterosin | ||||
| Flavonoids | Quercetin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Caffeic, Coumaric, Ferulic,
Protocatechuic, & Vanillic Acids, Tannins | ||||
| Ecdysteroids | Ecdysone, Hydroxyecdysone | ||||
| Enzymes | Thiaminase | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Spruce Forest Edge |
Hedge Rows | ||
| Spore Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Cryptomycina pteridis |
Milesina pteridis |
Dasineura pteridis | |
| Herbivores: |
Hepialidae Larvae |
Several Noctuidae |
Petrophora chlorosata Larva |
Celypha lacunana |
Spilosoma lutea Larva |
Many Tenthredinidae |
Strophosoma melanogrammum |
Phyllopertha horticola | |
| Sapivores: |
Ditropis pteridis |
Philaenus spumarius |
Amphorophora ampullata |
Aphis fabae |
Palomena prasina |
Centrotus cornutus Nymph | |||
| Nests: |
Saxicola rubicola | |||
| Decomposers: |
Rhizomarasmius undatus |
Mycena galopus |
Rhopographus filicinus |
Generalists |
Skye Flora: Bracken
Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2010 J.K. Lindsey
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