Tree

Bark	Leaves
Male Flowers	Female Flower Fruit

Height: <6 m
Ectomycorrhizal and Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Dioecious, Flowering March - April (Earliest: 19.3)

>
Bibio ferruginatus

Habitat:	Wet Meadows	Wet Forest	Hedge Rows
Pollination:	Several Apidae	Dolerus nitens	Aglais io	Polygonia c-album
	Callophrys rubi	Celastrina argiolus	Adela reaumurella	Many Syrphidae
	Several Muscidae	Several Empididae	Bibio marci
	Egle ciliata	Scathophaga stercoraria	Bellardia viarum	Meligethes viridescens
Seed Dispersal:	Wind
Mycorrhizae:	Lactarius tabidus	Cortinarius decipiens	Hebeloma candidipes
Parasites:	Melampsora epitea	Stigmella salicis	Coleophora potentillae	Several Tenthredinidae (Galls)
	Rabdophaga salicis (Stem Gall)
Herbivores:	Apatura iris Larva	Several Geometridae Larvae
Sapivores:	Aphrophora pectoralis	Aphis farinosa	Bactericera curvatinervis	Bactericera striola

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Grey Willow

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

Back to Ecology of Commanster