Tree

Bark	Leaves
Male Flowers	Female Flower
Fruit

Height: <12 m, Age: <60 yr
Ectomycorrhizal, Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Dioecious, Flowering March - April (Earliest: 14.2)

Habitat:	Hedge Rows
Pollination:	Several Apidae	Aglais urticae	Vanessa atalanta	Several Syrphidae
	Neomyia cornicina	Scathophaga stercoraria	Egle ciliata	Phorbia fumigata
	Sepsis fulgens	Zavrelia pentatoma
Seed Dispersal:	Wind
Mycorrhizae:	Cortinarius violaceus
Lichens:	Amandinea punctata	Physcia adscendens	Candelariella reflexa	Evernia prunastri
	Parmelia sulcata	Xanthoria parietina
Parasites:	Rhytisma salicinum	Erysiphe adunca	Melampsora epitea	Stigmella salicis
	Several Tenthredinidae (Galls)
Herbivores:	Apatura iris Larva	Several Geometridae Larvae	Chrysomela populi	Lochmaea capreae
	Pristiphora conjugata	Pamphilius sylvaticus Larva
Sapivores:	Macropsis infuscata	Aphis farinosa	Aphrophora alni	Aphrophora pectoralis
	Bactericera curvatinervis	Bactericera striola

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Goat Willow

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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