Bark |
Leaves |
Male Flower |
Colour Variant |
Female Flower |
Fruit |
Height: <40 m, Age: <300 yr
Ectomycorrhizal
Monoecious, Flowering April - May
(Earliest: 23.4)
| Habitat: |
Beech Forest |
Hedge Rows | ||
| Seed Dispersal: |
Garrulus glandarius | |||
| Mycorrhizae: |
Hydnaceae |
Cantharellaceae |
Phallus impudicus |
Many Boletaceae |
Paxillus involutus |
Scleroderma citrinum |
Many Russulaceae |
Many Amanitaceae | |
Many Cortinariaceae |
Several Inocybaceae |
Several Tricholomataceae |
Laccaria amethystina | |
Laccaria laccata |
Clitopilus prunulus |
Entoloma rhodopolium |
Hygrophorus penarius | |
| Parasites: |
Mycosphaerella fagi |
Apiognomonia errabunda |
Bjerkandera adusta |
Cerrena unicolor |
Fomes fomentarius |
Daedalea quercina |
Fomitopsis pinicola |
Sparassis brevipes | |
Chondrostereum purpureum |
Pleurotus dryinus |
Pleurotus ostreatus |
Armillaria mellea | |
Armillaria ostoyae |
Oudemansiella mucida |
Pholiota squarrosa |
Mycena hiemalis | |
Mycena olida |
Caloptilia alchimiella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Stigmella hemargyrella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Stigmella tityrella Larva (Leaf Miner) | |
Phyllonorycter maestingella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Hartigiola annulipes Larva (Leaf Gall) |
Mikiola fagi Larva (Leaf Gall) |
Orchestes fagi Larva (Leaf Miner) | |
Aceria nervisequa Larva (Leaf Gall) | ||||
| Herbivores: |
Cervidae |
Campaea margaritata Larva |
Epirrita christyi |
Nematopogon adansoniella Larva |
Carcina quercana Larva |
Archips podana Larva |
Several Curculionidae |
Byctiscus betulae | |
Agrilus cyanescens |
Melolontha melolontha | |||
| Sapivores: |
Phyllaphis fagi | |||
| Xylophages: |
Several Cerambycidae Larvae (Wood Borers) | |||
| Granivores: |
Cervidae |
Sus scrofa |
Sciurus vulgaris |
Several Muridae |
Meles meles |
Columba oenas |
Columba palumbus |
Several Paridae | |
Sitta europaea |
Garrulus glandarius |
Several Fringillidae |
Cydia fagiglandana Larva | |
| Lichens: |
Candelariella reflexa |
Lecanora carpinea |
Lecidella elaeochroma |
Opegrapha atra |
Pertusaria albescens |
Xanthoria parietina |
Parmelia sulcata |
Parmeliopsis xambigua | |
| Mosses: |
Orthotrichaceae |
Antitrichia curtipendula |
Dicranoweisia cirrata |
Hypnum cupressiforme |
|
Nests: (Branches) |
Ciconia nigra |
Pernis apivorus |
Milvus milvus |
Falco tinnunculus |
Falco subbuteo |
Columba palumbus |
Asio otus | ||
|
Nests: (Cavity) |
Columba oenas |
Strix aluco |
Aegolius funereus | Picus canus |
Dryocopus martius |
Sturnus vulgaris |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Beech
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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