Tree

Bark	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: <10 m, Age: <500 yr
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Hermaphrodite, Flowering April - May (Earliest: 27.4)

Habitat:	Hedge Rows
Mycorrhizae:	Tubaria dispersa
Pollination:	Several Apidae	Tenthredo temula	Araschnia levana	Callophrys rubi
	Several Syrphidae	Several Empididae	Bibio lanigerus	Scathophaga stercoraria
	Chlorops hypostigma	Lucilia sericata	Graphomya maculata	Byturus tomentosus
	Clytus arietis	Rhagium bifasciatum	Mordella aculeata	Anaspis fasciata
	Anaspis frontalis	Eusphalerum semicoleoptratum	Meligethes viridescens
Parasites:	Diplocarpon mespili	Taphrina crataegi	Venturia inaequalis	Podosphaera clandestina
	Anthonomus pedicularius Larva (Flower Gall)	Parornix anglicella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae Larva (Leaf Miner)	Paraswammerdamia nebulella Larva (Leaf Miner)
	Stigmella oxyacanthella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Incurvaria masculella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Resseliella crataegi Larva (Stem Gall)	Phyllocoptes goniothorax (Leaf Gall)
Herbivores:	Aporia crataegi	Several Geometridae	Several Tortricidae	Acronicta psi
	Swammerdamia pyrella	Yponomeuta padella	Caliroa cerasi	Neurotoma saltuum
	Pamphilius sylvaticus Larva	Arge ustulata Larva	Ampedus pomorum	Cidnopus pilosus
	Lochmaea crataegi	Magdalis ruficornis	Rhynchites bacchus	Phyllobius oblongus
Sapivores:	Heterotoma planicornis	Psallus ambiguus	Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale	Edwardsiana crataegi
	Siphoninus phillyreae	Prociphilus pini
Xylophages:	Clytus arietis Larva (Wood Borer)	Magdalis ruficornis Larva (Wood Borer)
Frugivores:	Rhynchites bacchus Larva	Tatianaerhynchites aequatus	Miris striatus	Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale Nymph
Lichens:	Physcia adscendens	Xanthoria parietina
Nests:	Streptopelia turtur	Sylvia curruca	Laniidae	Emberiza citrinella

Ecological Flora of the British Isles

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

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