Tree

Bark	Leaves
Male Flowers	Female Flower

Fruit

Height: <4 m, Age: <30 yr
Ectomycorrhizal
Monoecious, Flowering February - April (Earliest: 20.1)

Habitat:	Hedge Rows
Pollination:	Wind	Apis mellifera
Seed Dispersal:	Nucifraga caryocatactes	Garrulus glandarius
Mycorrhizae:	Hydnum repandum	Phallus impudicus	Amanita rubescens	Cortinarius anomalus
	Cortinarius violaceus	Lepista nuda	Hygrocybe virginea	Several Boletaceae
	Lactarius piperatus	Lactarius subdulcis
Parasites:	Asteroma coryli	Incurvaria pectinea (Leaf Miner)
Herbivores:	Bonasa bonasia	Several Geometridae	Lacanobia oleracea	Phlogophora meticulosa
	Archips podana Larva	Byctiscus betulae	Several Curculionidae	Rhogogaster punctulata Larva
	Tenthredo livida Larva
Sapivores:	Palomena prasina	Pentatoma rufipes
Xylophages:	Rhagium bifasciatum Larva (Wood Borer)
Granivores:	Sciurus vulgaris	Several Muridae	Columba palumbus	Parus major
	Sitta europaea	Garrulus glandarius	Nucifraga caryocatactes	Coccothraustes coccothraustes
	Blepharidopterus angulatus	Miris striatus

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Hazel

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

Back to Ecology of Commanster