Betula pendula [verrucosa] Roth 1788 (Family Betulaceae)


Tree

Bark

Leaves

Male Flowers

Female Flowers

Fruit

Height: <30 m, Age: <100 yr
Ectomycorrhizal
Monoecious, Flowering April - May (Earliest: 7.4)

Habitat:
Wet Forest
Pollination: Wind
Seed Dispersal: Wind
Mycorrhizae:
Thelephora terrestris

Several Boletaceae

Paxillus involutus

Scleroderma citrinum

Many Russulaceae

Several Amanita

Several Cortinariaceae

Laccaria amethystina

Laccaria proxima

Several Tricholomataceae

Inocybe grammata

Inocybe lacera

Several Strophariaceae
Lichens:
Candelaria concolor

Candelariella reflexa

Evernia prunastri

Parmelia saxatilis

Physcia tenella
Parasites:
Marssonina betulae

Erysiphe ornata

Taphrina betulina

Inonotus obliquus

Phellinus igniarius

Fomitopsis pinicola

Piptoporus betulinus

Fomes fomentarius

Chondrostereum purpureum

Armillaria ostoyae

Synanthedon spheciformis Larva (Wood Borer)

Incurvaria pectinea

Coleophora potentillae

Several Cerambycidae Larvae

Schizotus pectinicornis Larva
Herbivores:
Capreolus capreolus
Bonasa bonasia
Nymphalis polychloros

Several Geometridae

Acronicta psi

Phlogophora meticulosa

Several Tortricidae Larvae

Drepana curvatula

Ochropacha duplaris

Byctiscus betulae

Deporaus betulae

Polydrusus pterygomalis

Lochmaea capreae

Luperus luperus

Agrilus cyanescens

Paraphotistus impressus

Several Tenthredinidae

Arge ustulata Larva

Trichiosoma lucorum Larva
Sapivores:
Pentatoma rufipes

Troilus luridus

Psallus betuleti

Calaphis flava

Euceraphis punctipennis

Psylla betulae
Florivores:
Argyresthia goedartella Larva
Granivores:
Parus caeruleus

Carduelis flammea

Carduelis spinus

Coccothraustes coccothraustes

Cochylis nana Larva

Blepharidopterus angulatus

Miris striatus

Kleidocerys resedae
Nests:
Columba palumbus

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Silver Birch


Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

Back to Ecology of Commanster