Tree

Bark	Leaf
Male Flowers	Female Flowers Fruit

Height: <20 m, Age: <100 yr
Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Monoecious, Flowering March - April (Earliest: 14.2)

Habitat:	Wet Forest
Pollination:	Wind
Seed Dispersal:	Wind
Mycorrhizae:	Paxillus involutus	Paxillus rubicundulus	Cortinarius violaceus	Lactarius lacunarum
	Russula decolorans
Lichens:	Hypogymnia physodes	Parmelia sulcata	Lecanora carpinea	Pertusaria amara
Parasites:	Asteroma alneum	Taphrina tosquinetii	Inonotus radiatus	Fomitopsis pinicola
	Synanthedon spheciformis Larva (Wood Borer)	Incurvaria pectinea (Leaf Miner)	Pachytodes cerambyciformis Larva (Root Borer)	Rhagium bifasciatum Larva (Wood Borer)
	Eriophyes laevis (Leaf Gall)
Herbivores:	Capreolus capreolus	Capua vulgana Larva	Epinotia sordidana	Drepana curvatula
	Ochropacha duplaris	Agelastica alni	Byctiscus betulae	Tenthredo ferruginea Larva
Sapivores:	Palomena prasina	Pentatoma rufipes	Aphrophora alni	Psallus ambiguus
Florivores:	Argyresthia goedartella Larva
Granivores:	Carduelis carduelis	Carduelis spinus	Several Miridae

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Alder

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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