Plant |
Leaves |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaves |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 40-120cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Biennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering July - August
(Earliest: 28.6)
| Habitat: |
Meadows | |||
| Pollination: |
Several Apidae |
Several Nymphalidae |
Gonepteryx rhamni |
Thymelicus sylvestris |
Autographa gamma |
Several Syrphidae |
Stenurella melanura | ||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Puccinia cnici |
Aethes cnicana Larva (Seeds & Stem Borer) |
Scrobipalpa acuminatella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Several Tephritidae Larvae (Flower & Stem Galls) |
Palloptera umbellatarum Larva (Flower Gall) |
Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer) |
Lixus pulverulentus Larva (Stem Borer) | ||
| Herbivores: |
Vanessa cardui |
Epiblema scutulana Larva |
Autographa gamma Larva |
Phlyctaenia perlucidalis Larva |
Sitochroa verticalis Larva |
Cassida rubiginosa |
Psylliodes chalcomerus |
Larinus turbinatus | |
Phyllobius pyri Larva |
Forficula auricularia | |||
| Sapivores: |
Apolygus spinolae |
Lygocoris pabulinus |
Several Aphididae |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Spear Thistle
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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