Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 40-100cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous, Stoloniferous
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September
(Earliest: 25.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Acacetin, Apigenin, Astragalin, Isokaemferide, Kaempferol, Linarin,
Luteolin, Methylkaempferol, Pectolinaringen, Quercitin, Rutin, Tricin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Syringin | ||||
| Sterols | Taraxasterol | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Hedge Rows |
Around Buildings | |
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Several Vespidae |
Phygadeuon fumator |
Several Nymphalidae |
Thymelicus sylvestris |
Lycaena phlaeas |
Eilema depressa |
Cerapteryx graminis | |
Yponomeuta padella |
Several Conopidae |
Many Syrphidae |
Several Tachinidae | |
Sarcophaga carnaria |
Thricops nigrifrons |
Dilophus febrilis |
Lamiogethes pedicularius | |
Adelphocoris lineolatus |
Closterotomus norwegicus |
Panorpa vulgaris | ||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Ramularia cirsii |
Aethes cnicana Larva (Seeds & Stem Borer) |
Scrobipalpa acuminatella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Several Tephritidae Larvae (Flower & Stem Galls) |
Several Agromyzidae |
Agapanthia cardui Larva (Stem Borer) |
Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer) |
Lixus pulverulentus Larva (Stem Borer) | |
Psylliodes chalcomerus Larva (Stem Borer) | ||||
| Possible Parasites: |
Apteropeda orbiculata Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Protearomyia nigra Larva (Stem Borer) | ||
| Herbivores: |
Vanessa cardui |
Several Noctuidae |
Sitochroa verticalis Larva |
Ectropis crepuscularia |
Coleophora trochilella Larva |
Stictopleurus punctatonervosus |
Several Chrysomelidae |
Lixus pulverulentus | |
Forficula auricularia |
Helicidae | |||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Anania perlucidalis Larva |
Udea lutealis Larva |
Cassida prasina |
Neocrepidodera ferruginea | ||||
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Apolygus spinolae |
Lygocoris pabulinus |
Philaenus spumarius |
Euscelidius schenckii | ||||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Palomena prasina |
Enoplops scapha |
Aphrodes makarovi |
Evacanthus interruptus | ||||
| Florivores: |
Larinus planus Larva | |||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia centaureata |
Eupithecia satyrata |
Cnephasia pasiuana | |
| Possible Granivores: |
Eurygaster maura |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Creeping Thistle
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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