Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 40-100cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous, Stoloniferous
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September (Earliest: 25.6)

Habitat:	Meadows	Hedge Rows	Around Buildings
Pollination:	Many Apidae	Dolichovespula saxonica	Vespula rufa	Phygadeuon fumator
	Several Nymphalidae	Thymelicus sylvestris	Lycaena phlaeas	Eilema depressa
	Cerapteryx graminis	Several Conopidae	Many Syrphidae	Sarcophaga carnaria
	Helina reversio	Eriothrix rufomaculatus	Dilophus febrilis	Panorpa vulgaris
Seed Dispersal:	Wind
Parasites:	Ramularia cirsii	Aethes cnicana Larva (Seeds & Stem Borer)	Scrobipalpa acuminatella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Several Tephritidae Larvae (Flower & Stem Galls)
	Phytomyza spinaciae	Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer)	Lixus pulverulentus Larva (Stem Borer)
Herbivores:	Vanessa cardui	Coleophora trochilella Larva	Epiblema scutulana Larva	Lobesia abscisana Larva
	Sitochroa verticalis Larva	Phlyctaenia perlucidalis Larva	Stictopleurus punctatonervosus	Cassida rubiginosa
	Lixus pulverulentus	Oulema melanopus	Forficula auricularia	Helicidae
Sapivores:	Aphis fabae	Uroleucon jaceae	Philaenus spumarius

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Creeping Thistle

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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