Plant |
Leaves |
Flower |
Fruit |
Colour Variant
|
Plant |
Leaves |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 100-200cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - August
(Earliest: 23.5)
| Habitat: |
Hedge Rows |
Spruce Forest Edge | ||
| Pollination: |
Several Apidae |
Glyphicnemis atrata |
Tenthredo temula |
Several Nymphalidae |
Several Pieridae |
Ochlodes sylvanus |
Pyrgus malvae |
Polyommatus icarus | |
Eurrhypara hortulata |
Several Syrphidae |
Empis livida |
Empis tessellata | |
Paracorymbia maculicornis |
Stenurella melanura |
Hemicrepidius niger |
Meligethes aeneus | |
Omosita depressa | ||||
| Parasites: |
Necrosis Virus |
Coryneopsis rubi |
Phragmidium violaceum |
Anthonomus rubi Larva (Flower Gall) |
Lasioptera rubi |
Stigmella aurella |
Coleophora potentillae | ||
| Herbivores: |
Capreolus capreolus |
Pyrgus malvae Larva |
Several Geometridae |
Callimorpha dominula |
Cybosia mesomella Larva |
Ceramica pisi |
Phlogophora meticulosa |
Macrothylacia rubi | |
Udea lutealis Larva |
Syndemis musculana Larva |
Thyatira batis |
Archips podana Larva | |
Agrilus cyanescens |
Macrophya montana Larva |
Arge cyanocrocea Larva |
Arge gracilicornis Larva | |
| Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Aphrophora alni | ||
| Frugivores: |
Byturus tomentosus Larva | |||
| Nests: |
Anas platyrhynchos |
Troglodytes troglodytes |
Many Sylviidae |
Lanius collurio |
Emberiza citrinella |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Bramble
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007 J.K. Lindsey
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