Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 60-200cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Biennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - October
(Earliest: 13.5)
| Habitat: |
Wet Meadows | |||
| Pollination: |
Many Apidae |
Most Nymphalidae |
Many Pieridae |
Most Hesperiidae |
Lycaena hippothoe |
Lycaena phlaeas |
Adscita statices |
Autographa gamma | |
Anania perlucidalis |
Several Syrphidae |
Phaonia angelicae |
Sicus ferrugineus | |
Empis livida |
Empis tessellata |
Paracorymbia maculicornis |
Stenurella melanura | |
Epuraea aestiva |
Rhagonycha fulva | |||
Trichius fasciatus | ||||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Ramularia cirsii |
Aethes cnicana Larva (Seeds & Stem Borer) |
Scrobipalpa acuminatella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Several Tephritidae Larvae (Flower & Stem Galls) |
Cheilosia albipila Larva (Stem Borer) |
Cheilosia fraterna Larva (Stem Borer) |
Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer) | ||
Lixus pulverulentus Larva (Stem Borer) | ||||
| Herbivores: |
Vanessa cardui |
Epiblema scutulana Larva |
Anania perlucidalis Larva |
Cassida rubiginosa |
Psylliodes chalcomerus |
Larinus turbinatus |
Lixus pulverulentus | ||
| Florivores: |
Protaetia cuprea | |||
| Sapivores: |
Uroleucon jaceae |
Aphrophora alni |
Rhopalus maculatus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Marsh Thistle
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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