Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 30-80cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - August (Earliest: 22.5)

Habitat:	Hedge Rows	Around Buildings
Microhabitat:	Bare Ground
Pollination:	Several Ichneumonidae	Andrena strohmella	Tenthredo campestris	Tenthredo mesomela
	Anthophila fabriciana	Atolmis rubricollis	Cheilosia illustrata	Rhingia campestris
	Chloromyia formosa	Hybomitra micans	Empis tessellata	Several Cerambycidae
	Rhagonycha fulva
Parasites:	Plasmopara nivea	Mycosphaerella podagrariae	Phyllosticta aegopodii	Phytomyza angelicastri
Herbivores:	Tenthredo campestris Larva
Sapivores:	Cercopis vulnerata	Aleyrodes lonicerae

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Ground Elder

Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2008 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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