Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 30-80cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - August (Earliest: 22.5)

Habitat:	Hedge Rows	Around Buildings
Pollination:	Andrena strohmella	Several Ichneumonidae	Tenthredo campestris	Tenthredo mesomela
	Euclidia glyphica	Anthophila fabriciana	Atolmis rubricollis	Cheilosia illustrata
	Rhingia campestris	Chloromyia formosa	Hybomitra micans	Empis tessellata
	Paracorymbia maculicornis	Rhagonycha fulva
Parasites:	Plasmopara nivea	Mycosphaerella podagrariae	Phyllosticta aegopodii	Phytomyza angelicastri
Herbivores:	Tenthredo campestris Larva
Sapivores:	Cercopis vulnerata	Aleyrodes lonicerae

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Ground Elder

Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2008 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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