The Ecology of Commanster
Ecological Relationships Among More Than 4600 Species
Commanster: A Small Village in the Belgian High Ardennes
Latitude: 50° 15' 20" N
Longitude: 5° 59' 58" E
Altitude: 490-590m, between the Meuse and Rhine River Basins
Average Temperature: 0°C (Winter), 15°C (Summer)
Average Annual Precipitation: 1300mm
Population: 60 Inhabitants
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Pictures provide links showing ecological relationships.
CLICK ON THE PHOTOS!
(Except landscapes like those below, and a species on its homepage)
Important Caveat
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Activity Zones
Maps and Some History
Village
Farmland
Le Grand Bois
Natagora Reserves
Biotopes
Forest
Alder-Birch-Willow (Wet)
Beech
Spruce
Hedge Rows
Meadows
Wet Meadows
Heath and Moorland
Peat Bogs and Mires
Streams
Ponds
Buildings
Species Richness of Biotopes:
| Biotope |
% of all Species |
Biotope |
% of all Species |
| Wet Forest |
11% |
Heaths, Moors |
5% |
| Beech Forest |
18% |
Bogs, Mires |
4% |
| Spruce Forest |
27% |
Streams |
2% |
| Hedge Rows |
40% |
Ponds |
6% |
| Meadows |
23% |
Buildings |
2% |
| Wet Meadows |
8% |
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Microhabitats
Dung
Dead Animals
Plant Litter
Dead Wood
Fungi
Temporary Pools
Bare Ground
Stones, Concrete
Environmental Threats
Habitat Destruction
Exotic Species
Pollution
Seven Proposals
Species Lists with Translations
Animals (Kingdom Animalia)
Vertebrates (Phylum Chordata)
Mammals (Class Mammalia)
Birds (Class Aves)
Reptiles (Class Reptilia)
Amphibians (Class Amphibia)
Invertebrates
Phylum Arthropoda
Insects (Class Insecta)
Beetles (Order Coleoptera)
Flies (Order Diptera)
Aphids, Bugs, and Hoppers (Order Hemiptera)
Ants, Bees, Sawflies, and Wasps
(Order Hymenoptera)
Butterflies
and Moths (Order Lepidoptera)
Dragonflies (Order Odonata)
Crickets and Grasshoppers (Order Orthoptera)
Caddisflies (Order Trichoptera)
Earwigs, Cockroaches, Mayflies, Scorpionflies, Alderflies, Lacewings, Stoneflies, Barklice, Snakeflies, Thrips, and Silverfish
(Orders Dermaptera, Dictyoptera, Ephemeroptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Raphidioptera, Thysanoptera, Zygentoma)
Springtails (Class Entognatha)
Arachnids (Class Arachnida)
Spiders and Harvestmen (Orders Araneae, Opiliones)
Mites and Ticks (Orders Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Oribatida, Prostigmata)
Centipedes, Copepods, Millipedes, Ostrocods, and Woodlice
(Classes Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Malacostraca, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda)
Phyllum Annelida Leeches and Worms (Classes Hirudinea, Oligochaeta)
Phyllum Mollusca
Snails and Slugs (Class Gastropoda)
Kingdom Fungi
Phyllum Basidiomycota
Agaricales
Boletales
Polyporales
Russulales
Other Basidiomycota
Phylla Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota
Lichens
Kingdoms Protozoa and Straminipila
Slime and Water Moulds
Viruses
Plants (Kingdom Plantae)
Algae
Phyla Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta
Mosses and Liverworts
Phyla Lycophyta and Lycophyta
Clubmosses, Ferns, Horsetails
Phylum Magnoliophyta
Trees and Bushes
Herbaceous Plants
Grasses
Rushes, Sedges, and Reeds
Calendar
Birds
Daily Observations
Residents Singing
Migrant Arrivals
Spring Passage
Autumn Passage
Migrant Departures
Invertebrates
Beetle Adults,
Larvae
Fly Adults,
Larvae
Aphid, Bug, and Hopper Adults, Nymphs
Ant, Bee, Sawfly, and Wasp Adults,
Larvae
Butterfly Adults, Larvae
and Moth Adults, Larvae
Dragonflies
Grasshopper and Cricket Adults, Nymphs
Caddisfly Adults, Larvae
Miscellaneous Insects Adults, Young
Springtails
Spiders and Harvestmen
Mites and Ticks
Fungi
Agaricales
Boletales
Polyporales
Russulales
Other Basidiomycota
Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota
Slime and Water Moulds
Plants
Trees and Bushes
Herbaceous Plants
Grasses
Rushes, Sedges, and Reeds
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Seasons
Spring
Mammals
Birds
Migrants
Arriving Nesters:
January-March,
April-June
Residents
Invertebrates
Beetles:
March,
April,
May,
June
Flies:
March,
April,
May,
June
Aphids, Bugs, and Hoppers:
March - April,
May,
June
Ants, Bees, Sawflies, and Wasps:
March,
April,
May,
June
Butterflies:
March - April,
May,
June
Moths:
March - April,
May,
June
Dragonflies
Grasshoppers and Crickets
Caddisflies
Miscellaneous Insects:
March - April,
May - June
Springtails
Spiders and Harvestmen:
March - April,
May,
June
Mites and Ticks:
April,
May - June
Tracks
Mammals
Birds
Fungi
Agaricales:
April,
May,
June
Boletales
Polyporales
Russulales
Other Basidiomycota
Ascomycota and Zygomycota:
March - April,
May,
June
Slime and Water Moulds
Plants
Trees and Bushes:
April,
May - June
Herbaceous Plants:
March - April,
May,
June
Grasses:
March - April,
May,
June
Rushes and Sedges
Summer
Mammals
Birds
Nests
Young
Residents
Migrants
Invertebrates
Beetles:
June,
July,
August,
September
Flies:
June,
July,
August,
September
Aphids, Bugs, and Hoppers:
June,
July,
August,
September
Bees, Sawflies, and Wasps:
June,
July,
August,
September
Butterflies
Moths:
June,
July,
August - September
Dragonflies
Grasshoppers and Crickets
Caddisflies
Miscellaneous Insects
Springtails
Spiders and Harvestmen
Mites and Ticks
Fungi
Agaricales:
June,
July,
August,
September
Boletales:
June - July,
August,
September
Polyporales:
June - July,
August,
September
Russulales:
June,
July,
August,
September
Other Basidiomycota:
June - July,
August,
September
Ascomycota, Blastocladiomycota, and Zygomycota:
June - July,
August,
September
Slime and Water Moulds
Plants
Trees and Shrubs
Herbaceous Plants:
June,
July,
August
Grasses
Rushes
Autumn
Mammals
Birds
Migrants
Departures
Residents
Invertebrates
Beetles
Flies:
September,
October,
November - December
Bugs
Bees:
September,
October - November
Moths
Caddisflies
Miscellaneous Insects
Springtails
Spiders and Harvestmen
Fungi
Agaricales:
September,
October,
November-December
Boletales
Polyporales
Russulales
September,
October-November
Other Basidiomycota
September-October,
November-December
Ascomycota and Zygomycota:
September,
October-November
Slime Moulds
Plants
Herbaceous Plants
Winter
Mammals
Birds
Visitors
Residents
Invertebrates
Beetles:
February,
March
Flies:
December - January,
February,
March
Bugs
Bees, Wasps, and SawFlies
Butterflies
and Moths
Springtails
Spiders:
February,
March
Mites and Ticks
Tracks
Mammals
Birds
Fungi
Agaricales
Polyporales
Russulales
Other Basidiomycota
Ascomycota and Zygomycota
Slime Moulds
Plants
Trees
Herbaceous Plants
Animal Tales
Weather Records
My Reference Library
Identification
Ecology
Genetics and Evolution
Biodiversity and Conservation
Light Reading
Links
Equipment
Publications Containing Photos from this Site
Balades à Commanster
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For corrections, my thanks go to
M. Ackland, I. Altmann, P. Amblard, I. Andrew, A.V. Antropov, E. Apol, M. Argent,
G. Barnikel, V. Belov, T. Brelstaff, N. Brand, F. Broekhuis, B. Büche, D. Burckhardt,
T. Cannon, R. Carbonell, J. Carr, B. Cederberg, E. Charles, D. Cheng, B. Clesse, J. Coldwell, M.R. Cruveillier,
R. Daniel, T. de Graaf, N.J. Dek, M. Deketele, S. Delmas, B. Demarteau, G. Dessi, C. Devillers, J. D'Haeseleer, P. Dioli, P. Domé, M. Draganik, C. Duke, H. Dumas, C. Dussaix, M. Dybczak,
W. Ellis, H. Endt, B. Eversham, G. Eyssartier,
H.J. Falkenhahn, C. Farmer, T. R. Fasulo, T. Feuerer, C. Fischer, J. Fischer, R.Fisher, R. Flogaus-Faust, C. Fontaine, C. Fransen, J. Freund, L. Friman,
I. Gibson, J. Glime, A. Gminder, O. Godorova, P. Goffart, A. Grabolle, J. Gruber,
M. Hamacher, K. Harris, M. Harvey, H. Hatlen, S. Heckscher, K. Heller, M.A. Hielkema, B. Higler, J. Hilszczanski, A. Hochkirch, Z. Hromádko, J. Hutchinson,
F. Jabot, M. Jacobs, E. Jansen, L. Janssen, F. Janssens,
J. Kahanpää, S. Kehl, F. Köhler, M. Kozlowski, J. Kramer, A. Kruithof, A. Kunze, G.M. Kvifte,
T. Laessoe, K. Lambeets, R. Lancaster, R. Labbé, J. Lecomte, F. Le Gall, H. Leunig, A. Lompe
J. Maca, M. Macdonald, I. MacGowan, M. Manas, S. Manktelow, P. Mars, C. Martin, J. McMillan, T. Meijer, J. Mergeay, M. Meyer, D. Mitchell, M. Mitchell, P.G. Moniotte, J.P. Moutschen,
R. Nash, B. Nau, P. Nedelev, O. Nedved,
D. Obbard, S. Obenauer,
A. Peeters, J. Peters, L. Petrini, B. Pettersson, K. Pfeiffer, C. Pilon,
M. Pirotte, M. Pollet, G. Pozsgai, D. Prlia,
S. Rae, S. Rajko, C. Raper, J.F. Rasmussen, S.A. Redhead, K. Reißmann, J.L. Renneson, V. Ricceri,
T. Rickfelder, A. Rockefeller, B. Rulik,
J. Salokannel, G. San Martin, C. Schmid-Egger, L. Schott,
K. Shevtsova, C. Shirley, J. Skartveit, F. Solazzi, P. Spaans,
T. Spaans, N.J. Stapper, M. Storey,
A. Taeger, S. Tapani, D. Tate, C. Thirion, J. Tolkiehn, K. Tomkovich, P. Trzcinski,
J.Valemberg, R. van den Broek, J.A. van Erkelens, K. Van Keer, J. van Rooy,
H. Vanuytven, J.W. van Zuijlen, N.J. Vereecken, F. Vitali, E. Viitanen
C.L. Wagner, P. Wahlens, G. Weber, E. Weme, M. Wilcox, J. Willem,
T. Whitworth, K. Windmolders, J. Winkelman, T. Wojas, R. Wood, A.J. Woznica, J.J. Wuilbaut.
All remaining errors are my responsibility.
Please send further corrections, comments, and suggestions to
jlindsey@maastrichtuniversity.nl
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